Old Spanish Fort (Pascagoula, Mississippi)

It is the oldest scientifically confirmed standing structure on the Gulf Coast of the United States, although the Old Ursuline Convent in New Orleans is known to have been designed by Ignace François Broutin in 1745 and completed by 1753.

[4] Between 1713 and 1717, Joseph Simon dit La Pointe, a native of Montreal, was granted land at the mouth of the Pascagoula River.

This commercial activity was followed by a plantation model focused on indigo and wax myrtle, with the former used to produce blue dye and the latter for candlemaking.

La Pointe quickly became invested in the emerging institution of chattel slavery, enslaving Native Americans before purchasing African slaves.

[8] La Pointe died in 1751, thereby allowing his daughter Marie-Josèphe and German son-in-law Hugo Ernestus Krebs to come into possession of the property.

Exterior walls were constructed with oyster-shell concrete