Oleg Georgievich Goncharenko (Russian: Олег Георгиевич Гончаренко, Ukrainian: Олег Георгійович Гончаренко) (18 August 1931 – 16 December 1986), Distinguished Master of Sports of the USSR, was the first male Soviet speed skater to become World Allround Champion.

Born in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Oleg Goncharenko made his international debut in 1953 and promptly became World Allround Champion.

Both at home and abroad, Goncharenko was unusually popular for many years, even long after he had retired from speed skating.

After winning his first World Championship in 1953 in Helsinki, he received dozens of telegrams in his hotel room there from all over the Soviet Union and from abroad.

It was a short message from the legendary Norwegian speed skater Oscar Mathisen, reading "Congratulations.