During the August 1991 Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, Moroz was the leader of the Communist Party in the Verkhovna Rada.

In 1999, many experts predicted that Moroz had a chance to defeat incumbent Leonid Kuchma in the election run-off and according to many observers the government rigged the election results[9] in favour of Petro Symonenko (of the Communist Party of Ukraine) in order to make sure that unpopular Symonenko, rather than Moroz, would compete against Kuchma in the run-off vote.

In 1996, Moroz together with several other parties prevented President Kuchma's attempt to concentrate most of the powers in the President's hands and led the Verkhovna Rada to adopt on 28 June the new Constitution that includes many positions close to the demands of left-wing parties.

At a 2001 sitting of the Verkhovna Rada, Moroz made public Mykola Melnychenko’s tapes that alleged the involvement of the leaders of Ukraine, including Kuchma, in the murder of famous independent journalist Georgiy Gongadze that provoked the political crisis in Ukraine known as the Cassette Scandal.

[citation needed] Similarly, the votes of Moroz's Socialist Party faction in the Verkhovna Rada were crucial for passing several important resolutions during the Orange Revolution, particularly the non-confidence vote in the Kuchma–Yanukovych government involved in election fraud scandal.

[11] Public opinion polls did not rate the Socialist Party or its leader Moroz as they were undecided as to their participation in the presidential election.

[14] Moroz tried to return to the Verkhovna Rada in the 2012 parliamentary election, running as an independent candidate for single-member district number 93 (first-past-the-post winning a seat) located in Kyiv Oblast.

For his moderate ideals, he met strong opposition from the more conservative wing of his party, represented by the supporters of Nataliya Vitrenko.

Moroz has also spoken in support of the preservation of land for Ukrainian farmers and has made many promises about resolving social problems using socialist rhetoric.

The program of his party begins with a statement that demands real democracy for working people In a 2018 interview on 112 Ukraine, Moroz claimed that the world is controlled by a cabal including the Federal Reserve and the Rockefeller, Rothschild, and Morgan families, which stabilises the global economy and appoints world leaders.

[18][19] Since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Moroz has come out in favour of Ukrainian membership of NATO, referring to it as an "objective necessity".