Olga Matveyevna Avilova (10 September 1918, Bezhitsa, Bryansk – 27 December 2009, Kyiv[1]) was a Soviet Russian and Ukrainian surgeon, medical researcher in the area of cardiothoracic surgery and pulmonology, pedagogue, Doctor of Medical Sciences (1974), professor (1975), and the head of the department of cardiothoracic surgery and pulmonology at the Kiev Institute of Advanced Training for Physicians (1975–1988).

She worked as a surgeon for the active front of the army and later as head of the surgical department at the Bryansk regional hospital.

[4] Under the leadership of O. M. Avilova an emergency service was created for victims of chest trauma, spontaneous pneumothorax, foreign bodies in the lungs and the esophagus.

[4] She was an inventor (with at least 34 inventions),[5] and patent holder (in particular, "Method for the treatment of expiratory stenosis of the trachea and bronchi").

On the obverse of the coin, a stylized composition is placed on a mirrored background, symbolizing thoracic surgery.