Oliana (Catalan pronunciation: [oliˈanɛ]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Urgell in Catalonia, Spain.

There is a factory of domestic electrical appliances in the town, and the presence of non-farming employment has meant that Oliana has escaped the depopulation experienced by most municipalities in north-west Catalonia.

It is currently the second-largest town (by population) in the Alt Urgell, behind the comarcal capital La Seu d'Urgell.

The town is served by the C-14 road between Ponts and La Seu d'Urgell.

Populations are given as of 2001: The region is well-known among rock climbers for its extremely difficult limestone cliffs, including La Dura Dura ("the hardest of the hard"), which is one of the hardest climbs successfully undertaken in the world.