The olive-backed tanager (Mitrospingus oleagineus) is a species of bird in the family Mitrospingidae.

The head, mantle, and back are deep olive green; the breast is olive-yellow becoming brighter and more yellow on the belly.

[3] The olive-backed tanager has a very small range in the area where Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil meet.

The nominate subspecies is the more eastern and is found in extreme southeastern Venezuela and the adjacent areas of west-central Guyana and far northern Brazil.

M. o. obscuripectus is found in the southeastern part of Venezuela's Bolívar state and probably in adjoining Brazil.

[3] The olive-backed tanager forages by hopping through the understorey or mid level vegetation, primarily for insects but also for fruit.