Oliver Farrar Emerson (May 24, 1860 - March 13, 1927) was a United States educator and philologist noted for Chaucer scholarship and his History of the English Language.
He studied at Iowa College, taking a post graduate course at Cornell University, where he received the degree of D.Ph.
After serving as superintendent of schools in Grinnell and Muscatine, Iowa, he was principal of the Academy of Iowa College (1885–88), instructor in English (1889–91) Cornell University and assistant professor of rhetoric and English philology in the same institution (1892–96), when he took the same chair at Adelbert College of Western Reserve University.
He was a member of the Modern Language Association, American Dialect Society and the Simplified Spelling Board.
He died in Ocala, Florida March 13, 1927 He was a regular contributor to various philological journals and magazines.