Oliver Lyman Spaulding Jr. (June 27, 1875 – March 27, 1947) was a career officer in the United States Army.

A native of St. Johns, Michigan, Spaulding was the son of Oliver L. Spaulding, a Union Army veteran of the American Civil War who attained the rank of brigadier general by brevet and later served as Michigan Secretary of State and a member of the United States House of Representatives.

Spaulding's initial assignments included a posting to Alaska and participation in the China Relief Expedition.

After service in the Philippines for the second time and assignment to the Mexico–United States border during the Pancho Villa Expedition, Spaulding served as assistant commandant of the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill.

During World War I, Spaulding served in Europe as commander of several Field Artillery brigades and chief of the historical section on the American Expeditionary Forces staff, and received promotion to temporary brigadier general.

[3] After serving as an instructor at the staff college, Spaulding was assigned to command the 45th Coast Artillery Company at Fort Monroe.

[3] After service as an advisor to National Guard artillery units in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the District of Columbia and a second tour of duty in the Philippines, Spaulding was assigned to the Mexico–United States border during the Pancho Villa Expedition.

[12] In the years immediately prior to World War I, Spaulding served as assistant commandant of the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill.

[13] In 1918, he was promoted to colonel, and he performed temporary duty as inspector of artillery units preparing to depart for combat in France.

[14] During the First World War, Spaulding served in France, Luxembourg, and Germany as commander of the 161st, 55th, and 165th Field Artillery Brigades with the temporary rank of brigadier general.

[15] After the war, he was chief of the historical section on the American Expeditionary Forces staff with the temporary rank of brigadier general.

[3][17] In 1909, Spaulding was one of the founders of the United States Field Artillery Association; he served on the organization's first executive council, and subsequently held the position of secretary-treasurer.

[21] Spaulding's books included: Notes on Field Artillery (1918); Warfare: A Study of Military Methods From the Earliest Times (1925); The United States Army In War and Peace (four volumes) (1937); Pen And Sword In Greece and Rome (1937); The Second Division A.E.F.