Numerous swamps and peat bogs that once existed in Polesie were drainedin the 20th century, mainly in the Soviet times.

[2][3] In the 1920s and 1930s, Władysław Szafer proposed creating a nature reserve in the area of Olmany swamps, then located in Poland.

At the end of the 1930s, Stanisław Kulczyński provided the scientific foundations for the creation of this reserve, but the outbreak of World War II thwarted these plans.

[4] At the end of the 1950s, the Soviet botanist Nikolai Smolski returned to the idea of protecting the Polesie marsh landscapes.

Among them there are: greater spotted eagle, black-tailed godwit, curlew, common crane, great owl and western capercaillie.

There are, among others Carex umbrosa, Corydalis intermedia, Drosera intermedia, Lycopodiella inundata, Nymphaea alba, Pulsatilla pratensis, Salix myrtilloides, Iris sibirica, Salvia pratensis, Lilium martagon, Salvinia natans, Viola uliginosa.

According to scientists and the authorities, the road will allow a faster response to peat fires that plague the reserve.

Other threats include the unlimited harvesting of cranberries, which reduces the food base for some animals, grazing livestock and poaching.