Olney is a census-designated place and an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States.

[3] In 1763, Richard Brooke received a patent for a tract of land located in the Province of Maryland.

In the town's center was a blacksmith, William Kelley's wheelwright shop, Canby's pottery factory, and a Benedict Duley's store.

[4] The Brooke family held the largest tracts of land in Olney, whose central village was at the intersection of the Rockville to Baltimore road, and the one which connected Washington with Westminster to the north.

Union Generals George B. McClellan and Ambrose Burnside led soldiers through in the midst of the Maryland Campaign in 1862.

During the Gettysburg Campaign in 1863, Confederate General J. E. B. Stuart marched between 10,000 and 20,000 troops north through the village and raided it of supplies, including horses and crops from surrounding farms in which they bivouacked.

While there, the college built "Rescue Street," a training center designed to resemble atomic bomb ruins.

[6] The CDSC was soon relocated to Battle Creek, Michigan due to security concerns of a potential attack on Washington, D.C. during the Cold War.

The town, larger than any other in the neighboring areas, lies south of Brookeville, west of Sandy Spring, east-northeast of Gaithersburg, north-northeast of Rockville, and north of Aspen Hill.

The ethnic makeup of the area was 54.9% White, 14.7% African American, 11.7% Asian, 12.1% Hispanic or Latino, and 11.9% Two or more races.

[12] "Olney Days" is held annually each April, and included a parade and charity bike ride and walk.