Oncomelania hupensis is a species of very small tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

[1] Over the past a few decades, the taxonomy of Oncomelania hupensis has been a dispute due to the variation in morphological characters such as shell sculpture, operculum etc.

In China, the typical morphotype of Oncomelania hupensis is ribbed-shelled, and its distribution is restricted to Yangtze River basin.

With frequent floodings of the Yangtze River, snails in these habitats can be dispersed and subsequently deposited widely in various localities.

Oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum,[7][13] which causes schistosomiasis endemic in the Far East, and especially in mainland China.