This is not necessarily due to a poor performance and can be for numerous reasons, such as injury or strong competition from other players.
Examples include the bowlers Narendra Hirwani of India[5] and Bob Massie of Australia,[6] both of whom took eight wickets in each innings of their debut matches, but then failed to live up to their early promise.
Spin bowler Ashton Agar of Australia played just 5 tests, taking 9 wickets, but his most notable contribution was in his first test and with the bat as he scored 98 on debut as the final Australian batsman, breaking multiple records including being the first test player to score a half-century as a number eleven batsman on debut and the highest score by any number eleven batsman.
[1] Occasionally, one-Test wonders have been recalled to Test cricket after a gap of several years.
[23] As of May 2007, fourteen one-Test wonders have also played in a single One Day International for their team.