In the next 5 years or so, the telephone companies created a number of computer systems (or software applications) which automated much of this activity.
The Bell System purchased their own product line of PDP-11 computers from Digital Equipment Corporation for a variety of OSS applications.
By 2005, developments in OSS architecture were the results of the TM Forum's New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) program, which was established in 2000.
The TM Forum describes Frameworx as an architecture that is: The components interact through a common communications vehicle (using an information exchange infrastructure; e.g., EAI, Web Services, EJB).
The early focus of the TM Forum's NGOSS work was on building reference models to support a business stakeholder view on process, information and application interaction.
Running in parallel were activities that supported an implementation stakeholder view on interface specifications to provide access to OSS capability (primarily MTNM).
The MTNM work evolved into a set of Web Services providing Multi-Technology Operations System Interfaces MTOSI.
Open Digital Architecture (ODA) offers an industry-agreed blueprint, language and set of key design principles to follow.
It will provide pragmatic pathways for the journey from maintaining monolithic, legacy software solutions, towards managing nimble, cloud based capabilities that can be orchestrated using AI.