Located in the southwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: Two incorporated villages are located in Orange Township: Leesville in the south, and part of Sherrodsville in the northwest.

[4] Part of Orange Township was originally under the name of One-leg Township, Tuscarawas County (founded March 29, 1809, dissolved with formation of Carroll County).

[6][7][8] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

Students attend the Conotton Valley Union Local School District.

[11] Beginning in 1837 through most of the 19th century, the New Hagerstown Academy was at the place in the township of the same name.