Order of the White Rose (1886–1915)

While these various interests gathered under the banner of restoring the House of Stuart, they also had a common streak against the scientific and secular democratic norms of the time.

Some even planned (but did not execute) a military overthrow of the Hanoverian monarchy, with the aim of putting Princess Maria Theresa on the British throne.

[11] Ashburnham was not a proponent of the political side of the movement, and in 1891 The Order of the White Rose split, when Vivian, Erskine and Melville Henry Massue formed the Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland.

Vivian and Massue were leading members of the neo-Jacobite revival, while Erskine soon focused his political endeavours on the related cause of Scottish Nationalism.

Art dealer Charles Augustus Howell and journalist Sebastian Evans were members of the Order,[5] while poets W. B. Yeats[13] and Andrew Lang[5] were drawn to the cause.

[14] In 1914, just after the start of the First World War, Prince Rupprecht – the legitimate king of England, Ireland and Scotland according to the Jacobite Succession – appeared in German uniform in support of The Kaiser.