It is a beetle about 0.7 - 1.1 cm (0.3 - 0.4 inches) long, with mottled, metallic brown- and black-colored elytra and a similarly colored thorax and head during the adult stage.
During the larval stage, the oriental beetle can be identified by the parallel line raster pattern.
[2] Oriental beetles are notorious for their role as pests on plants ranging from sugarcane and other crops (such as maize and pineapple).
As larvae, these beetles burrow into the ground as they move throughout fields and chew through plant roots.
[3] Notably, these beetles have a short mating season that consists of 2 months (mid-June to mid-August) and normally reside beneath the soil burrowed deeply.
During mating season, the female will exit the ground and begin emitting a sex pheromone that lures males to her.
On these islands, the beetle is known as a garden pest, specifically feeding on sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum).
The beetle has spread throughout North America but continues to have most of its population centralized in East Asia including Japan and Korea.
Females, on the other hand, are often found on flowers including roses, chrysanthemums, hollyhocks, phlox, dahlias, and Japanese iris.
The larvae's ability to move such distances gives it the advantage to infect gardens and turfs of large sizes.
The tendency of A. orientalis to reside in the soil restricts their ability to geographically spread over large distances.
Its ability to migrate from Asia to North America was possible due to contaminated nursery stocks.
[4] Infested shipments of rose blossoms or other flowers led to the rise of this beetle in new locations.
The female A. orientalis will then continue to exhibit leg raising that is proposed to help with sex pheromone dissemination.
[8] Post-copulatory behaviors were also present as the male beetle was observed to hold onto the female for as long as 2 hours after copulating.
It was found that the size of the spicule of the male genitalia directly correlates with fertilization and paternity success.
[3] Hypotheses suggest that these smaller males may have less mating opportunities and interactions which led them to invest all of their resources for that single copulation.
[6] To begin mating processes, the female A. orientalis beetle will emit sex pheromones to lure the male close to her.
With these results, it was determined that this is both an upper and lower threshold of male beetle activation dependent on the amount of 7-(Z)-tetradece-2-one present.
[2] Anomala orientalis is a known pest of turf, ornamentals, and several crops which include sugarcane, maize, and pineapples.
Imidacloprid is the only pesticide against scarabs (A. orientalis is within the Scarabaeidae family) on crops, but it is largely ineffective and expensive.
Specifically looking at the sex pheromone pathway, Wenninger (2005) proposed delaying mating processes which both disadvantage the female and male beetle.
[10] In a study investigating multiple nematodes on A. orientalis populations, the Heterorhabditis caused the highest mortality rate in the beetle larvae (96.5%).
[10] Other methods of control explore the use of bacterium (such as Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonesis), the "milky disease," or wasps (ie.
There is also the possibility of using synthetic female sex pheromones to lure and trap the male beetles so that they can slow or stop reproductive rates; this method has already begun to show positive effects in tested environments.