Oroszlány (German: Ohreslahn) is a city in Hungary, Komárom-Esztergom county, Central Transdanubia region, located on the north-west flanks of the Vértes Mountains.

There was a settlement in Környe near the town already during the Roman era (Quirinum), but there are also traces from even earlier from the Avar people whose presence is attested by the cemetery remains found in 1957 and 1973.

Due to the dire circumstances hundreds of people migrated from the region which was deteriorated by the following World Wars.

During the communist era, the emphasis shifted towards the coalfields surrounding the town (the traces of mineral charcoal had already been discovered at the beginning of the 20th century).

As a result of rapid industrialization, the city status was awarded in 1954 and the area of Oroszlány became one of the most important coal mining regions of the country.