[1][2] This method is particularly valuable in scenarios where the number of inputs to a system is substantial enough to make exhaustive testing impractical.
Orthogonal array testing works on the premise of selecting a subset of test cases from a large pool of potential inputs.
This selection is based on statistical methods to ensure that the chosen subset represents the whole input space.
As a result, serious bugs can be identified while the number of tests necessary to do so is greatly reduced.
This way of organizing inputs helps us avoid repeating tests and get the same info with the least number of experiments.