Oscar Fitzallen Holcombe (December 31, 1888 – June 18, 1968) was an American businessman who served as the mayor of Houston, Texas, for 22 years, in 11 non-consecutive terms.

Holcombe was born in Mobile, Alabama, and raised in San Antonio, Texas.

He moved to Houston when he was 18, and founded his own construction business, the O. F. Holcombe Company, at age 26.

Holcombe was defeated in the 1929 election by Walter Monteith, who supported a more fiscally conservative approach.

They had one daughter, Elisabeth, who married Henry Markley Crosswell, Jr. During the early 1960s, Houston renamed the stretch of Bellaire Boulevard east of Southside Place, which runs through the Texas Medical Center, as Holcombe Boulevard.