Osjaków [ɔsˈjakuf] is a city in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

One of the most well-known is that a prince, travelling through the area, supposedly decided to set up camp at the site of the modern-day town.

He was stopped when a swarm of wasps attacked him and his servants, and the prince began shouting the Polish word for 'wasps', "Osy!"

During the conflicts between France and Prussia from 1807 to 1815, Osjaków briefly returned into Polish hands under the Duchy of Warsaw.

Osjaków is located next to Wieluń, which in September 1939 was the first town attacked during World War II.

In the following days, Osjaków was on the front lines of war and witnessed a mass influx of refugees from Wieluń and other towns, who were fleeing to the east of the Warta river, despite not suffering much damage to infrastructure.

[2] Towards the end of war, on the Eastern Front, regions around Osjaków were the sites of battles, as the Warta river was an important strategic target.

Because the population was mostly working as merchants and traders, Jews mostly lived around the town square, and built the synagogue nearby.