Osman Kocaoğlu (Polat Usmon Khodzhayev; 1878–1968) was the first president (Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee) of the former Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.

During Russian Revolution Yaş Bukhara movement in which both the nationalists and the Bolsheviks participated, tried to depose Alim Khan.

On 23 September 1921 Osman Kocaoğlu was elected as the president of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.

In Afghanistan, he tried to buy weapons from various countries for the army of the Bukhara Republic and opponents of the Bolsheviks, and in particular contacted representatives of the British Empire.

He wrote in the bulletin Yeni Turkistan ("New Turkestan") published bu Zeki Velidi Togan.