Osmantəpə is an early Neolithic settlement near Kükü village, in the Shahbuz District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.

The Neolithic settlement Osmantəpə is around 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) above sea level near the village of Kükü in the Şahbuz district on the edge of the Qanlıgöl reservoir and partly underwater.

In order to collect the water from these springs, Shan Giray, the governor of the district, built a dam there as early as 1865, creating the artificial lake.

The I Kültəpə settlement in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, excavated between 1951 and 1964, is considered the oldest archaeological monument of the ceramic Neolithic.

While the authors accept that plant cultivation and animal husbandry were of foreign origin in the area, not all Neolithic cultural items were brought in as a package.

Akhundov (2019) represents scholars who are somewhat skeptical about autochthonous development during Caucasus Neolithic, by pointing out a lack of clear evidence for agricultural items that were domesticated in the area.

Akhundov paints a complex picture of cultural development in the South Caucasus involving alternating influences first from Southwestern Asia and Anatolia, and later from Southeastern Europe.

[11] Previous research attempting to clarify a transition between the Mesolithic cultures and the archaeological sites of the ceramic Neolithic, i.e. the gap between 5800 and 5650 BC, encountered some problems.

According to Baxşəliyev, the results of the investigation of the Osmantəpə settlement could help to clarify in what way the early Neolithic settlers of Nakhichivans tapped the obsidian deposits.

[12] Veli Bakhshaliyev points out that the tool shapes with short shafts found are not known for the late Neolithic in the South Caucasus.

Thus, according to Baxşəliyev, Osmantəpə's findings help to clarify considerably the transition from the Mesolithic to the early Neolithic in the South Caucasus.