He was born in Gubbio in Umbria to the painter Martino Nelli, and was active there and in Perugia (1400), Urbino, Assisi, and Foligno.
[1][2][3] Nelli was "consul" (a local government representative) for the Sant'Andrea district of Gubbio in 1440 and during the same year, the priors of Perugia had him paint the coat of arms of the duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti with the help of Francesco d'Antonio and Christoforo di Nicoluccio from Perugia.
From 1428 to 1432, he was a part of the brotherhood of Santa Croce, Florence and worked on the painting Madonna Crowned by Angels for the church.
[6] Nelli and his workshop primarily painted frescoes, many of them churches in Gubbio and the nearby cities in Umbria.
Austen Henry Layard wrote that Nelli's easel paintings were "far inferior to his works in fresco".