After an apprenticeship as a decorator, he became a pupil of the Kunstgewerbeschule in Dresden and then studied at the Otto Gussmann Academy of art.
From 1919 he lived in Dresden, where, alongside Otto Dix, Conrad Felixmueller, Otto Schubert and Lasar Segall, he co-founded the Dresdner Sezession group, a short-lived collaboration of German Expressionism.
From 1921 he was a member of the Academic Council of Saxony and in 1925 he was appointed professor of the State Art School for Textile Industry, Plauen by Karl Hanusch.
Lange produced an extensive body of printed graphic work; his subjects ranged from religious representations to still lifes to book illustrations.
His woodcuts differed from those of other expressionists, as Lange mainly used an elaborate technique of colour printing.