Oxford is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area.

On March 6, 1792, the plantation was incorporated as Hebron, with Oxford its southwesterly portion.

Mills were established at 2 water power sites; these developed in the 19th-century into principal villages within the town, especially after the arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway in the 1850s.

Welchville was located on the Little Androscoggin River, where the woolen textile mill of the Harper Manufacturing Company was established.

The railroad brought seasonal tourists to Thompson Lake, where inns and hotels opened.

Today, Oxford is a recreational area with fine architecture remaining from its prosperous mill town past.

The Congregational Church, built in 1842–1843, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

[5] The town was hit by an F1 tornado on Saturday, June 5, 2010, causing some serious damage.

Thompson Lake, the community's largest, is approximately 8 miles (13 km) long.

It borders the towns of Paris to the north, Hebron to the northeast, Norway to the northwest, Poland to the southeast, and Otisfield to the southwest.

[citation needed] The town has an on-call fire rescue department made up of several dedicated members.