A total of 20 units were produced, and since 14 December 2014, they have been operating Express InterCity Premium trains on routes connecting Warsaw with Bielsko-Biała, Gdynia, Gliwice, Jelenia Góra, Katowice, Kołobrzeg, Kraków, Rzeszów, and Wrocław.

After analyzing data from the measuring equipment, current collector performance, and interaction with the overhead line, it was decided to attempt a higher speed.

[4] The positive results from all tests conducted in May 1994 demonstrated that it was possible in Poland to increase line speeds and improve rail travel comfort.

[4] In the mid-1990s, Polish State Railways began upgrading the partially overlapping E65 line on the route between Gdynia, Warsaw and Katowice.

[4] Following a financial analysis conducted in 1996, Polish State Railways management decided to launch a tender on 8 August 1997 for the supply of 16 tilting body trains.

[4] The other two bidders, Siemens Mobility and Adtranz, filed appeals, but these were rejected on 21 August 1998 by the arbitration team of the Public Procurement Office [pl].

[4] The main reason for this assessment was the auditors' finding that Polish State Railways lacked the infrastructure necessary to utilize the capabilities of the ordered trains and was not financially prepared for the investment.

[4] It was also found that the decision to conduct the tender was based on financial results from 1996, and when the Polish State Railways management made the resolution to approve the selected train supplier, they did not support it with an up-to-date feasibility analysis.

On 7 December 1999, the Polish State Railways management annulled the tender in line with the Supreme Audit Office's recommendations.

[6] Six companies expressed interest in the tender: Alstom, AnsaldoBreda with Newag, Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, Siemens Mobility, Bombardier Transportation with Pesa, and Talgo.

[6] On 30 May 2011, PKP Intercity signed a contract with Alstom Transport worth 665 million euros for the delivery of 20 seven-car New Pendolino trains without a tilting mechanism, and the construction of a technical facility in Warsaw dedicated exclusively to maintaining high-speed rail rolling stock.

[9] In October 2012, the French company Karmar began construction of the technical facility for Pendolino trains at the Warsaw Grochów service station in the Olszynka Grochowska area of the Praga-Południe district.

The investment included the construction of a hall comprising four service tracks, a wash facility, and office and social spaces.

[12] On 17 June 2013, the first trainset for PKP Intercity was unveiled in Italy,[13] and on August 12, after arriving in Poland, it was presented at Wrocław Główny railway station.

[20] In the following days, Pendolino was tested near Grybów to evaluate its performance on steep gradients and descents,[20][21] and on the line from Nidzica to Olsztyn to assess its behavior on tight curves.

[23] On 17 November 2013, at the 184th kilometer of the Central Rail Line (near the Pilica bridge), the ED250 set a new speed record on Polish railway tracks, reaching 270 km/h,[24] which was broken the following weekend.

[38] The final trainset, number 001, which set a new speed record, was delivered to Poland on 14 February 2015, and after testing, it had to return to Italy.

In this report, the office stated that:[46]The actions of railway companies related to the acquisition of Pendolino trains for passenger transport at speeds of 220–250 km/h were uncoordinated, leading to an economically unjustified purchase.NIK auditors found the purchase economically unjustified due to delays in the modernization of railway lines by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe and PKP Energetyka, which prevented the full utilization of the trains' maximum speeds.

[52] On 25 September 2019, the president of PKP Intercity announced that the units had received approval for operation in the Czech Republic.

[55] On 8 April 2020, during measurement runs near Munich, the ED250-001 suffered a brake hose rupture, causing the unit to collide with a locomotive ahead of it.

[56] In March 2024, it was reported that the units had obtained complete foreign homologations for the railway networks in Germany, the Czech Republic, and Austria.

[59] On 19 January 2018, six units were withdrawn from service due to detected undercarriage damage caused by crushed stone.

Equipping the trains with Wi-Fi was the subject of several years of negotiations between Alstom and PKP Intercity (the operator could not carry this out independently without voiding the warranty).

[75] On 13 December 2015, the network was expanded to include Bielsko-Biała, Gliwice, and Rzeszów,[76] and on 29 April 2016, Kołobrzeg and Jelenia Góra were added.

[83] On 7 April 2017, at a railway crossing on the route from Chrząstowice to Ozimek, a truck collided with the ED250-002 train traveling from Wrocław to Warsaw, injuring 18 people.