[4][5] Travelling to Switzerland and France, Rodriguez studied communication systems at a postgraduate level, and gained a PhD in Computer Science in 2000 from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.

[3][8] In 2005, Rodriguez co-designed Avalanche, a peer-to-peer client for legal files proposed to improve download efficiency and copy protection, which was released in 2007 as Microsoft Secure Content Distribution.

[10][11] In addition to Avalanche, Rodriguez researched content distribution, wireless systems, and complex networks, while conducting studies assessing Windows Update, FolderShare and Xbox Live.

[18] Rodriguez has been collaborating with chef Ferran Adrià of the former Michelin 3-star restaurant elBulli to develop Bullipedia: a Wiki format culinary repository of information about Spanish cuisine, which was first announced in early 2012.

[21][22] Rodriguez is a member of several advisory boards for companies and associations, including the scientific journal IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,[23] the IMDEA Networks Institute since 2010,[24] and the art and science exhibition centre LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial in Gijón since 2013,[25] and serves as a trustee board member of the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies since 2014.

[27] In 2010 he joined the computer science department of Columbia University as an adjunct professor,[28][29] where he taught about social networks and next generation system architectures.

[32][33] At the 2013 Internet Measurement Conference, Rodriguez delivered the keynote speech, while receiving an award for a paper he collaborated on, entitled Follow the Money: Understanding Economics of Online Aggregation and Advertising.