Padmavat

Padmavat (or Padmawat) is an epic poem written in 1540 by Sufi poet Malik Muhammad Jayasi,[1] who wrote it in the Awadhi language,[2][3] and originally in the Persian Nastaʿlīq script.

The parrot flies away to escape the punishment, but is captured by a bird catcher, and ultimately ends up as a pet of the Chittor ruler Ratansen.

Ratansen has excessive pride in being married to the most beautiful woman on the earth, for which he is punished by a sea storm during the return journey.

Finally, as part of fresh terms of peace, Ratansen invites Alauddin as a guest inside the fort, against the advice of his vassals Gora and Badal.

Facing a certain defeat, Nagmati and Padmavati along with other women of the fort commit suicide by jauhar (mass self-immolation), while the men fight to death.

"[11] The earliest extant manuscripts of Padmavat vary considerably in length, and are written in a number of different scripts, including Kaithi, Nagari and Nastaʿlīq.

[4] Mataprasad Gupta published a critical edition of the text, based on five different manuscripts, the earliest of which is from the 17th century.

[13] The earliest known adaptation of Padmavat is Prem Nama (1590) of Hansa Dakkani, a court poet of Ibrahim Adil Shah II of Bijapur Sultanate.

The Rat-Padam (1618) of Mulla Abdul Shakur or Shaikh Shukrullah Bazmi of Gujarat follows the plot of Padmavat closely, but omits the Sufi symbolism for characters and events.

The Shama-wa-parwanah (1658) of Aqil Khan Razi (a governor of Delhi under Aurangzeb) retains the Sufi symbolism.

[3] The late medieval Persian historians such as Firishta and Hajiuddabir treated the Padmavat legend as history, but their accounts suffer from inconsistencies.

[20] Niccolao Manucci also mentions the story in his Storia do Mogor, but places it during the 16th century king Akbar's invasion of Chittor.

For example, Firishta states that Alauddin ordered his son Khizr Khan to evacuate Chittor in 1304, and then appointed a nephew of Ratnasimha as its new governor.

[25] Lal concludes that the only historical facts in the legend are that Alauddin captured Chittor, and that the women of the fort (including a queen of Ratnasimha) died in jauhar.

[26] According to JNU proffessor Aditya Mukherjee, in "the contemporary period, there is no mention of this event, no accounts of Padmavati by Amir Khusrau, a prolific writer of the era and a courtier of Alauddin Khilji."

[27] Although Khusrau doesn't explictly mentioned "Padmavati" or "Padmini" , he however have referred Khilji as Solomon and himself as Hudhud-the parrot who brought the news of the beautiful queen to the fabled king.

...... it must be admitted that there is no inherent impossibility in the kernel of the story of Padminī devoid of all embellishments, and it should not be totally rejected off-hand as a myth.

Rani Padmini, popularly referred to as Padmavati . c. 1765
Cover of French Opera Padmâvatî . c. 1923