The Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (also colloquially known as Micah's Law) is a congressional bill that would, in most cases, make it unlawful to perform an abortion if the estimated post-fertilization age of a fetus is 20 weeks or more.

The bill is based upon the assertion that a fetus is capable of feeling pain during an abortion at and after that point in a pregnancy.

The Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act has become known as Micah's Law because of Micah Pickering, a boy from Iowa who was born prematurely at 22 weeks' gestation[2] in 2012 and survived; Pickering appeared in a 2016 Susan B. Anthony List election advertisement criticizing Hillary Clinton's support for legal abortion after 20 weeks' gestation.

[3][5] In the legislative findings section, the bill states that pain receptors (nociceptors) "are present throughout the unborn child's entire body", that "nerves link these receptors to the brain's thalamus and subcortical plate by no later than 20 weeks after fertilization", and that anesthesia is routinely administered to fetuses undergoing fetal surgery (thus supporting the conclusion that fetuses feel pain).

On October 2, 2017, the White House issued a statement of policy announcing that Donald Trump's advisors would recommend he sign the bill if it reached his desk.

[20] In 2013, The Washington Post reported that women supported banning abortions after 20 weeks in higher numbers than men.

[21] The following table contains data from public opinion polls that asked Americans about their thoughts on banning abortions after 20 weeks.

[26] In September 2016, Donald Trump—then the Republican nominee for President—wrote a letter to anti-abortion leaders committing to sign the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act if elected.