The Palácio Monroe was a monumental hall in the Centro neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

It was originally built in the U.S. city of St. Louis to act as the Brazilian Pavilion during the 1904 World's Fair.

Following the World's Fair, the building was dismantled and transported in cargo ships to Rio de Janeiro, where it was rebuilt in 1906.

In 1975, the architect and urban planner Lúcio Costa, who was the national chief of the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional – IPHAN), created a public controversy by refusing to sign the landmarking act of Palácio Monroe.

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