Of the population of 176,125 (2002), 45% live in the capital, Palencia which is located on the Canal de Castilla.

The majority of the province is very sparsely-populated and has lost a significant proportion of its population since Francoist times due to rural to urban migration.

To the south of the city of Palencia are Venta de Baños, an important railway and industrial exchange, as well as Villamuriel de Cerrato, a village to that owes its development to the Renault factory[3] and its proximity to the capital.

[7] The major commercial products produced in the province are barley, wheat, sugar beets, hemp, linen and woolen clothes, porcelain, leather, paper, and rugs.

[8] The historical population is given in the following chart: Media related to Province of Palencia at Wikimedia Commons