The movement was founded in 2001 and led by founder Omar Abu Sharia, at the beginning of the Al-Aqsa Intifada.

[2] The movement was established in 2001 as a military faction known as the Mujahideen Battalion, headed by the founder, Omar Abu Sharia, with the beginning of the second intifada.

the movement became a member of the Hamas-led government in Gaza and cooperated with it in operations, supplying weapons and training.

[14][16] On 23 November 2023 the secretary general of the Mujahedeen Movement, Asaad Abu Sharia, stated that numerous members of his immediate and extended family had been killed in airstrikes.

[22] The Mujahideen Brigades often promote or endorse a Palestinian religious group called the "Rightly Guided Caliphs" (Arabic: مجمع الخلفاء الراشدين الدعوي, romanized: Mujmae al-Khulafā' al-Rāshidīn al-Duewī).