The 144 acres of forest tracts belonging to the Palmas del Mar Tropical Forest are protected by conservation easement laws (Spanish: Ley de servidumbre de conservación) between Palmas del Mar Properties Inc. and the Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Fideicomiso de Conservación de Puerto Rico) since 2010.
[2] A total of 456 tree species has been documented in the area, including the notable palo de pollo (Pterocarpus officinalis) and the ortegon (Coccoloba rugosa).
The forest is also considered an important bird area, many of which are migratory.
52 species of animals have been documented in the forest, including 12 of which are endemic to Puerto Rico.
In addition to its flora and fauna, the forest is important as a natural protection against flooding and coastal erosion.