[15] A lava dome cluster is recognizable in the central sector of the volcano, forming a flat area with a surface of 4.7 square kilometres (1.8 sq mi).

Layers of mafic andesite, scoria and some pumice extend outwards away from the central sector.

[16][20] Precise dating methods performed on the southeastern flank have found ages of 3.65±0.15 mya and 3.81±0.30 for lavas and scoria.

[13] The mountain is also one of the headwaters of the Loa River,[23] and water was transferred from Palpana to Antofagasta by pipeline.

[13] The mountain is worshipped by pastoralist people who inhabit the surrounding land, and remnants of a sanctuary have been found on its summit.