Pan-African colours

Except for relatively brief periods of influence and occupation by the Kingdom of Italy, Ethiopia remained outside European control during the colonial era by defeating the Italian army at the battle of Adwa in 1896, ending the Italian protectorate.

As a result, the country drew the admiration of many newly independent states in Africa.

The first African state to adopt a gold, red and green flag upon independence was Ghana in 1957, designed by Theodosia Okoh.

[3][4] The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA) founded by Marcus Garvey has a constitution that defines red, black, and green as the Pan-African colours: "red representing the noble blood that unites all people of African ancestry, the colour black for the people, green for the rich land of Africa.

"[citation needed] The UNIA flag was designated the official colours of Black Africans by the UNIA at its convention in Madison Square Garden on August 13, 1920, in New York City, United States.

The traditional flag of Ethiopia , the colours of which have been adopted by numerous pan-African groups.
Unofficial pan-African or UNIA flag