Panerusan

They are usually the most difficult instruments to learn in the gamelan, but provide the most opportunity for improvisation and creativity in the performer.

The female singer, the pesindhen, is also often included, as she sings in a similar fashion to the instrumental techniques.

[3] The notes that the panerusan instruments play are largely in melodic formulas known as cengkok and sekaran.

These are selected from a huge collection which every performer carries in his head, based on the patet, mood, and traditions surrounding a piece.

It is similar to the cengkok of other elaborating instruments in its floridity and openness to improvisation, but a sekaran generally happens only at the end of a nongan or other colotomic division.