Lower Pannonia, was a province of the Roman Empire.

The province included parts of present-day states of Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The province was bordered to the east (across the Danube) by a Sarmatian tribe—the Iazyges.

Major settlements in Pannonia Inferior included: The province was yet again split during the reign of the tetrarchs into two more provinces, Pannonia Valeria in the north, with the new provincial capital at Sopianae, and Pannonia Secunda in the south with Sirmium as the provincial capital.

During the Frankish period, in the 9th century, the term Lower Pannonia was used to designate eastern and southern regions of Pannonia, including the Slavic Principality of Lower Pannonia, particularly Posavina.