The territory which forms this department is located in a valley formerly called "Yarigua'a" that was part of the mission of Jesuit priests in the era of colonization.

Numerous villages existed in this area, whose inhabitants were influenced by priests and chaplains responsible for directing agricultural and livestock activities.

Once the Paraguayan War, the tracks reached Villarrica, which generated the founding of new cities like Cerro León, Escobar, Sapucai and General Bernardino Caballero.

This situation contributed to the formation of two separate departments in 1906, Quiindy with the cities of Paraguarí and routes that was formed by the towns of Carapegua, Tavapy, General Bernardino Caballero, Escobar, Yaguarón, Pirayú, Ypacaraí and Itauguá, the latter two belonging to the department at present Central.

Cordillera and Caaguazú departamentos are to the north; Misiones to the south; Guairá and Caazapá to the east; and Central and Ñeembucú to the west.

Paraguarí has a rich variety of soils in the landscape, elevated to the north and hills that are formed by landslides in the mountains of Senior.

Towards the downtown area and south west owns land flat and undulating valley covered with vast grassland good for livestock.

The department is divided into 17 districts: Previously, the main channel of communication was the rail Carlos Antonio López and the route I Mcal.

Its inhabitants are principally engaged in raising cattle and pigs, on a smaller scale are breeding sheep, horses and goats.

Among the crafts, Carapeguá stands out with the production of a fabric called poyvi, also occurs ao po'i, encaje ju, hammocks and others.