These sports are typically played using International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) rules, with modifications to the field of play, equipment, numbers of players, and other rules as required to make the game suitable for the athletes.
Teams may also use one guide, who is positioned off the field of play, to assist in directing players.
Football 5-a-side players are assigned to one of three sport classes based on their level of visual impairment: Teams are permitted to use sighted athletes as goalkeepers and guides; sighted goalkeepers cannot have been registered with FIFA for at least five years.
Among the modifications are a reduced field of play, a reduction in the number of players, elimination of the offside rule, and permission for one-handed throw-ins.
Players competing in 7-a-side football are given a sport class based on their level of disability.