It was established in 1999 to protect and enhance a site of international interest, already included in the Ramsar Convention since 1977 because of its relevance to stopover, wintering, and nesting waterfowl bird species.
The uniqueness of this area is the presence of reservoirs of both freshwater and saltwater, separated by a plain characterized by prevailing aridity called Is Arenas ("The Sands").
Areas with fresh water are the Bellarosa Minore and Perdalonga ponds, which were created to expand rainwater tanks.
Areas of saltwater ponds include the production system of the former Statal Saline of Cagliari, consisting of the Bellarosa Maggiore or Is Molentargius (water storage tank evaporation), the Pond of Quartu (second and third tanks evaporation), the other salting basins (saline of Cagliari).
From 1850 to now, 230 bird species belonging to 53 families have been recorded in the Molentargius area.