[1] Insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, fat oxidation and amino acid synthesis are all disrupted by maternal obesity and contribute to adverse outcomes.
[1] Modification of lifestyle is an effective intervention strategy for improvement of maternal metabolism and the prevention of adverse outcomes.
Maternal obesity is associated with increased odds of pregnancies affected by congenital anomalies, including neural tube defects and spina bifida.
[4] The chances of having neural tube defects in the newborn of an obese woman has been shown to be twice that of a non-obese pregnant female.
In follow-up studies of babies whose birth weights were below 1000g, it was shown that 40% to 45% of the survivors had severe neurodevelopmental impairments.
This study showed that the diet of mothers not only affects the offspring's chemical physiology but also their likelihood of becoming even more unhealthy through their natural preference to bad habits.
[9] Obese women have an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications, including hypertension, gestational diabetes, and blood clots.
[10][2] Maternal obesity is also known to be associated with increased rates of complications in late pregnancy such as cesarean delivery, and shoulder dystocia.
[15][16] Additionally, regular exercise during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the incidence of adverse fetal health conditions, such as preterm birth, macrosomia, and gestational age discrepancies.
Pregnant women who ate more sweets, such as candy and processed juices, in early pregnancy were at higher risk of gaining excessive weight.
Additionally, prolonged Valsalva maneuvers during isometric exercises, like weight lifting, should be avoided because they may lead to decreased blood flow to the digestive organs and uterus.
Some signs include: dizziness, faintness, headache, shortness of breath, uterine contractions, vaginal bleeding, fluid leaking, or heart palpitations.