Paretroplus is a genus of fishes in the cichlid family, all of which are endemic to lakes and rivers of Madagascar.

The vast majority are threatened and restricted to the northwestern part of the island.

[1][2] Most are restricted to freshwater, but at least P. polyactis and P. maromandia can also be seen in brackish habitats.

[1] They are more closely related to the genus Etroplus from India and Sri Lanka than they are to other cichlids from Madagascar (subfamilies Paratilapiinae and Ptychochrominae).

[1] Paretroplus includes both relatively slender-bodied species (P. damii, P. gymnopreopercularis, P. kieneri, P. lamenabe, P. loisellei, P. nourissati and P. tsimoly) and relatively deep-bodied species (all remaining).