Pargana

Under the reign of Sher Shah Suri, administration of parganas was strengthened by the addition of other officers, including a shiqdar (police chief), an amin or munsif (an arbitrator who assessed and collected revenue) and a karkun (record keeper).

In the Mughal system, parganas served as the local administrative units of a sarkar.

Tarafs were ruled by a tarafdar, the provincial governor, who held a significant amount of autonomy.

Parganas remained important as a geographical term, persisting in land surveys, village identification and court decrees.

The pargana system persisted in several princely states, including Tonk and Gwalior.