It was founded in 1947 by Eduardo Chibás in response to government corruption and lack of reform.

Its primary aims were the establishment of a distinct national identity, economic independence and the implementation of social reforms.

He intended to run as a PPC-O candidate for the Cuban parliament prior to Batista's coup.

Generally populist, there were not distinct internal factions or organizations, with all members united by their support of Eduardo Chibás' goals and ideals.

The party's composition included several ideological groups ranging from the political centre to the left: The political program reflected PPC-O's catch-all nature, claiming support for:[13] The left-wing of the PPC-O had its most influence in the party's youth wing, the Orthodox Youth (Juventud Ortodoxa).