It was founded in 1925 as the Cuban Communist Party (Partido Comunista Cubano) by José Miguel Pérez, Carlos Baliño, Alfonso Bernal del Riesgo, and Julio Antonio Mella.

As a result, two of the party's leaders, Juan Marinello Vidaurreta and Carlos Rafael Rodríguez, were successively appointed ministers without portfolio.

[3] In the 1948 general election, the party put forward Juan Marinello as its presidential candidate.

[3] The Auténticos government under President Carlos Prío Socarrás banned the party's daily newspaper, Hoy, in 1950.

[4] Following Fulgencio Batista's 1952 coup d'état, the party itself was banned, but it managed to continue publishing its newspaper.