Traces of Roman settlements could be uncovered in particular on the western bank of the Tisza River under the fortress erected in the Middle Ages.
During the demolition of the Szeged fortress, last restored under Empress and Queen Maria Theresia, between 1876 and 1883 a large number of Spoli came to light, a small part of which was of Roman origin.
However, during the construction of a canal for the municipal sewerage system in 1877, the engineer responsible, István Kováts, may have cut the walls of the presumed castle on the site of the fortress.
Rather, archaeologists such as Dénes Gabler suspect the Roman military station in the area of a castle palace of the Árpád period, which was located there before the construction of the great fortress at its southern fortification.
According to András Alföldi (1895–1981), the Romans founded a garrison in Partiscum during the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (138–161), when Rome had secured its position against the Iazyges, who lived between the Danube and the Carpathians and their northwestern allies, the Germanic Quads.
Since the peace treaty of 175 dictated by Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180), Roman officials have also been on the territory of the always restless and rebellious Iazyges.
In modern research it is still controversially discussed whether the Romans under Marcus Aurelius occupied the entire Tisza Basin to establish two new provinces (Sarmatia and Marcomannia).
However, the stratigraphic investigations of the archaeologist Sándor Soproni (1926-1995) on the Limes Sarmatiae, which was massively developed in late antiquity and which since then has surrounded the Iazyges area, seem to confirm this assumption.
For the victory over the Sarmatians, Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus received the honorary title Sarmaticus (Maximus) in the autumn of 175.
In addition, in Partiscum, where the Marosch/Mureș (Latin Marisus) from Transylvania flowed into the Tisza and finally into the Danube, shipping traffic could also be controlled at a prominent location.
The auxiliary cohort, perhaps stationed here later, was also responsible for monitoring and securing the road connection to Micia, which ran southeast along the southern bank of the Marosch/Mureș.
The function of the ancient Partiscum as an important trading centre is also illustrated by the consecration stone of a Roman road official, which is described in more detail below.
In addition to the unfinished Valentinian castra of Göd-Bócsaújtelep near the border, which was to stand at the beginning of the northern section of the Sarmatian Limes, the construction of the burgus of Hatvan-Gombospuszta also began during this expansion phase.
With the demolition of the fortress, several Roman finds came to light, including a votive altar in the form of a sheet of foil, which names a Praefectus vehiculationis (chief road warden) as its dedicant: According to Alföldi, the stone, which had been cut to a great extent for secondary use, was created during the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161).
Other scientists assume that it originated in the 2nd century A.D. Also from the overburden of the fortress came two fragments of an antefixum, a decorated facing brick, of which only a part remains today.
Biscuit-shaped floor tiles were found in the Dacian Tibiscum (Caransebeș) and in Sarmizegetusa Regia (Grădiștea de Munte), among other places.
A convoy consisting of three ships with antique art treasures, which were collected in Transylvania and were to be brought to Vienna, was ordered by Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740).
As the scholar and Piarist friar András Dugonics (1740-1818) reports, in 1794 large quantities of silver coins from the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180) were discovered next to the provisions house near the fortress.
Only specimens from catacomb tombs discovered in 1904 on the Kerch peninsula are approximately comparable with the late antique Nagyszéksós hoard find.
Archaeologists interpreted the discovery of Nagyszéksós for a long time as a cremation or as the remains of a mound grave eroded by natural erosion.