In most jurisdictions, laws have been enacted that dictate the legal obligations of the owner of a vehicle or vessel, or of the driver or pilot of the same, towards the passengers.
With respect to passengers on commercial vehicles or vessels, both national laws and international treaties require that the carrier act with a certain standard of care.
That excludes non-paying passengers such as airline employees flying on free or nearly-free passes, babies and children who do not have a seat of their own, etc.
[4] On long-distance buses and trains (and some planes), passengers may board and disembark at intermediate stops, in which case RPMs/RPKs have to be calculated for each segment if a careful total is needed.
In British railway parlance, passenger, as well as being the end user of a service, is also a categorisation of the type of rolling stock used.