Passive matrix addressing is an addressing scheme used in early liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
A pixel in a passive matrix must maintain its state without active driving circuitry until it can be refreshed again.
When pixels on a row are being addressed, a Vsel potential is applied, and all other rows are unselected with a Vunsel potential.
[2] This scheme has been expanded to define the limits of this type of addressing typical LCDs.
Technology for electronic paper also has a form of bistability.