Passive matrix addressing

Passive matrix addressing is an addressing scheme used in early liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

A pixel in a passive matrix must maintain its state without active driving circuitry until it can be refreshed again.

When pixels on a row are being addressed, a Vsel potential is applied, and all other rows are unselected with a Vunsel potential.

[2] This scheme has been expanded to define the limits of this type of addressing typical LCDs.

Technology for electronic paper also has a form of bistability.