[2] As shown in the following table, scientific research can be classified by whether it advances human knowledge by seeking a fundamental understanding of nature, or whether it is primarily motivated by the need to solve immediate problems.
However, the engineer would also be interested in more basic science to enhance designs in terms of water retention and soil strength.
The university engineering researcher's interests on the other hand, may fall between Bohr and Edison, looking to enhance both knowledge and utility.
Thus, modern science and technology employ what might be considered a systems engineering approach, where the Pasteur cell consists of numerous researchers, professionals and practitioners to optimize solutions.
Note that modifications to the quadrant model to more precisely reflect how research and development interact continue to be suggested.