The airport is currently undergoing an ambitious expansion project that includes a new two-level passenger terminal, which will be completed by April 2025.

The terminal building at the airport is spread across an area of 12,000 square meters and can handle around 2.5 million passengers annually.

[12] The airport's international air service to Nepal has been closed since the Indian Airlines Flight 814 was hijacked and taken to Kandahar on 24 December 1999.

[14] Due to the sandwiching location between the Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan and Phulwari Sharif railway station, the runway of the airport is too short to accommodate larger aircraft.

[15] The AAI has planned to develop a civil enclave at the Bihta Air Force Station, 20 km (12 mi) away from Patna, to cater larger aircraft.

In October 2016, The Cabinet of Bihar approved the Patna Master Plan, which envisages development of a new passenger terminal at Bihta.

[29] Between 2021-22 the Patna Airport also handled 12,409 metric tonnes of cargo which also increased by 4.6% from the previous years.